Research

Working Papers

• "Revisiting the Anti-Commons Effect: Evidence from an Open Dataset of Patent-Paper Pairs" (with Emma Scharfmann)
• "Firm Age and Great Invention: a new Public Access Dataset" (with Michael Ewens)
• "The Changing Role of Scientific Discovery in VC-backed startups in the U.S. Innovation Ecosystem." (with Lisa Sheer and Honggi Lee)
• "Field-Specific Investments in Human Capital & Path Dependence in Early Career Choices: Field Experimental Evidence from Engineering." (with Kevin Boudreau)

Peer-Reviewed Articles

• "Pasteur's quadrant researchers bring novelty, impact to publishing and patenting" (with Lee Fleming and Emma Scharfmann), Science, 2026
• "Beyond Blame: Attribution, Evaluative Stigma, and Employee Careers after Employer Failure" (with Tristan Botelho). Forthcoming at Administrative Science Quarterly
• "Funding Black High-growth Startups" (with Emmanuel Yimfor and Lisa Cook) forthcoming at Journal of Finance
• "Cassatts in the Attic: Is there a gender gap in the commercialization of science?" (with Marlene Koffi) forthcoming at American Economic Journal: Applied Economics
• "Minimum Viable Signal? Venture Funding, Social Movements, and Race" (with Emmanuel Yimfor and Qian Wang) forthcoming at Management Science
• "Startups, Unicorns, and the Local Supply of Inventors." (with Ben Balsmeier, Lee Fleming, and Ryan Shin) forthcoming at Review of Economics and Statistics
• "When does patent protection spur cumulative research within firms?" (with Ashish Arora, Sharon Belenzon, Dror Shvadron). Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 2023
• "Revisiting the Entrepreneurial Commercialization of Science: Evidence from "Twin" Discoveries." (with David Hsu). Management Science, 2022
• "Non-compete Agreements, Gender, and Entrepreneurship." Organization Science, 2022
• "Reliance on Science by Inventors: Hybrid Extraction of In-text Patent-to-Article Citations." (with Aaron Fuegi) Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 2022
• "The Location of Academic Institutions and Knowledge Flow to Industry: Evidence from Simultaneous Discoveries." (with Michael Bikard) Management Science, 2020
• "Reliance on Science in Patenting: USPTO Front-Page Citations to Scientific Articles." (with Aaron Fuegi). Strategic Management Journal, 2020
• "Government-funded research increasingly fuels innovation." (with Lee Fleming, Hilary Greene, Dennis Yao, and Guan-Cheng Li) Science, 2019
• "Founder Replacement and Startup Performance." (with Michael Ewens) Review of Financial Studies, 2018
• "Hiring Molecules, Not Atoms: Comobility and Wages." (with Bram Timmermans) Organization Science, 2017
• "Revisiting the Small-Firm Effect on Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Firm Dissolutions." (with Olenka Kacperczyk) Organization Science, 2016
• "The Value of Employee Retention: Evidence from a Natural Experiment." (with Ken Younge) Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 2016
• "Regional Disadvantage? Employee Non-compete Agreements and Brain Drain." (with Lee Fleming and Jasjit Singh) Research Policy, 2015
• "Strategic 'Switchbacks': Dynamic Commercialization Strategies for Technology Entrepreneurs." (with David Hsu) Research Policy, 2015
• "Dynamic Commercialization Strategies for Disruptive Technologies: Evidence from the Speech Recognition Industry." (with David Hsu and Joshua Gans) Management Science, 2014
• "Geographic Constraints on Knowledge Diffusion: Political Borders vs. Spatial Proximity." (with Jasjit Singh) Management Science, 2013
• "The Firm Strikes Back: Non-Compete Agreements and the Mobility of Technical Professionals." American Sociological Review, 2011
• "Mobility, Skills, and the Michigan Non-compete Experiment." (with Lee Fleming and Debbie Strumsky) Management Science, 2009
• "Managing Creativity in Small Worlds." (with Lee Fleming) California Management Review, 2006

Earlier Computer Science Publications

• "CLUES: Dynamic Personalized Message Filtering." (with C. Schmandt) Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (1996)
• "MailCall: Message presentation and navigation in a non-visual environment." (with C. Schmandt) Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (1996)
• "Designing SpeechActs: Issues in Speech User Interfaces." (with N. Yankelovich and G.A. Levow) Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (1995)
• "Putting People First: Specifying Proper Names in Speech Interfaces." (with C. Schmandt) Proceedings of the 7th annual ACM symposium of User Interface Software and Technology (1994)
• "Reliable Spelling Despite Unreliable Letter Recognition." (with C. Schmandt) Proceedings of the American Voice Input/Output Society (1994)

Patents

• "Handling of speech recognition in a declarative markup language." U.S. Patent #7,321,856 (2008)
• "Providing menu and other services for an information processing system using a telephone or other audio interface." U.S. Patent #7,143,039 (2006)
• "Method and apparatus for zero-footprint phone application development." U.S. Patent #7,140,004 (2006)
• "Statistical computing and reporting for interactive speech applications." U.S. Patent #6,606,598 (2003)
• "System and method for developing interactive speech applications." U.S. Patent #6,173,266 (2001)
• "Method and apparatus for continuous spelling speech recognition with early identification." U.S. Patent #5,995,928 (1999)